Apparatus for burning liquid fuel



Jul 8, 1924., w 1.500576 M. G. DELANEY r v APPARATUS FOR BURNING LIQUID FUEL Z lflleg Auyg. 27. 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 Hill my ATTORNEY VE OR fix? '3 Sheets-Sheet 3 M. G. DELANEY APPARATUS FOR BURNING LIQUID FUEL I Filed Aug 27, 1923 IN NTOR,

' ,BY 2 1Z6 6 ATTORNEY Patented July 8, 3192 2.

HIGHAEL G. DELANE Y. OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR, BY DIRECT AND MESNE AS- SIGNMENTS, T0 DELWAIY HEATERS, INQ, OF NEW :YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION GE NEW YORK.

AIPABATUS FOE BURNING LIQUID FUEL.

Application filed August 27, 1923. Serial No. 659,423. i

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, MIoHAnL G. DELANEY, a citizen of the United States, residing in the borough of Manhattan, city, county, and State of New York, have invented new and useful Improvements in an Apparatus for Burning Liquid Fuel, of which the following is a specification.-

This invention relates to apparatus for vaporizing liquid" fuel and water, mingling thasesultant vapors, and burning the mixture, and my improvements are particularly directed to an apparatus of this character wherein the liquid fuel em loyed. is one of the heavier grades of liqmd hydrocarbon, such as kerosene or fuel oil. y

In apparatus, for burning the vapors of 'liquid fuel and water difliculty has hitherto been experienced in regulating the supply of water, and it is'one of the purposes of my present invention to overcome this difiiculty by providing automatic means controlling theflow of water to the apparatus in accordance with the consumption needs and for shuttingofi' the supply when the burner flame is extinguished. Thus there is no manual control for the supply of water to the burner apparatus, leaving only the supply of liquid fuel to be turned on and shut off by hand; although the liquid fuel supply, when open, is similarly subject to automatic control.

Also in my improved apparatus provision is made for superheating the steam generated from the water supplied thereo, and for introducing the liquid fuel into a heater coil that receives the superheated steam, this heater coil being subject throughout its extent to heat from the burner and constituting a mixing chamber or passage in which I the liquid fuel is vaporized and the respective vapors become thoroughly mingled while in transit to the burner.

The boiler in which water supplied to the apparatus is vaporized is located in the heat zone of the burner, which latter is in the for-1110i a coil having a number of bends or convolutions, and provided with jet orifires throughout its length. It is a feature of my invention that by valve control means the extent of the burner coil in service can be varied at will according t5 the requirements;

and, furthermore, the burner heat range is variable in symmetry with the boiler surface to be heated thereby.

A. throttle valve is located in the path f ing the flow of mixture tothe burner, to in this manner control the quantity of gas to be consumed. Also check valves are provided' respectively in the ,liquid fuel and water pipe lines, operable by the back pressure which results when the throttle is moved from full open to a partly closed position, to retard or shut off the supply of liquidfuel through these pipe lines until the pressure in the burners becomes reduced suiliciently to permit the supply flows to be resumed.

Hitherto it has been almost impossible to burn fuel oil in the type of burner to which my invention is directedowing to the col lection of residual sediment in the burner caused by the paraflin, asphaltum, etc. in the oil, but in my apparatus holes are provided in the bottom of the burner tube which permit any sediment to be blown out. Such sediment is only liable to collect and harden While the burner'is coolingdown after op eration, and is easily removed in the manner set forth as soon as the burner becomes heated up again.

Animportant feature of my device is what I callthe super-mixing chamber, which also spreads and releases the burning gases. After long experimentation I have discovered that by using this super-mixing chamber the gases arising from the water and super-mixing chamber for a time and heating the passage through which the air is drawn to the burner, aids materially in giving such a satisfactory result. The heat is distributed through the sides, ends and top openings of the'super-mixer. v

Another drawback to burners of this type has been the difiiculty of maintaining an I even steady pressure of liquid fuel to the liquid fuel'are swirled around inside this lOU Q neonate burner (same applies to water) but I accom" plish this desideratum by having ball cock float arrangements in the lines between the burner and supply of liquid fuel and water, thus affording an even pressure at all times as the liquid fuel is fed from supply tanks located at any convenient point. This arrangement also prevents the overflow of liquid fuel or water should the fire go out.

Burners of this type usually depend upon having quite a head pressure to force the liquid fuel into the burner. This causes great fluctuations in the fire as the quantity of fuel in the supply tank is greater or less, making it very difficult to maintain an even the that does not fluctuate.

My aim is to reduce this head pressure to the. minimum- I always have a predetermined amount of liquid fuel and water that varies but slightly to draw from, the result being a steady even fire, entirely free from all fluctuations.

Other features and advantages of my invention will hereinafter appear.

In the drawings:

Figure 1 is a side elevation of my improved burner apparatus, with parts thereof in section on the line 11 of Fig. 2.

Fig. 2 is a plan view of the burner apparatus, with parts thereof in section on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a front view of. the burner apparatus with the front wall of its container 1 element partly broken away, to expose the interior.

tube or coil.

Fig. 5 is an enlarged detail section of the boiler and superheater, taken on the line 55 of Fig. 3, and

. Fig, 6 is a diagram of the burner apparatus as installed in a furnace, together with the supply system'for liquid fuel and water.

Now referring to the drawin let 1 indicate a casing which, itself an eifment of my burner apparatus, contains the other ele ments thereof and coacts therewith in the production of a composite gas including air and'the vapors of liquid hydrocarbon and water.

The casing 1, while here shown as pyramidal in form, is so designed for structural reasons and may be of other suitable shape. It is'provided at its top and sides with slits 2 or-other suitable orifices for flame issuance.

Located near the base of casing 1, in its front wall, are openings 3, 3 which communicate with air supply ipes 4, 4, that extend respectively along t e opposite side walls, each of said pipes being provided with a series of nozzles 5, 5 that are inwardly and upwardly directed, to communicate flow streams of air into the apparatus.

Liquid fuel and water are respectively supplied to the burner apparatus in a manner which will be described hereinafter, following the description of those burner elements which are employed in the conversion of said media into combustible gases.

Thus, attention is directed to a boiler 6 extended lengthwise centrally within the casing 1, supported on a cradle 7, and havmg a water supply pipe Sthat communicates with its interior at one end thereof. Superimposed upon the boiler is a hollow structure 9 which I term a super'heater, openings 10 between the boiler and super-heater permitting steam generated in the boiler to pass into the super-heater, and a pipe 11, connecting with the super-heater, serving to carry away the super-heated steam. This pipe 11, (see Figs. 1 and 2) is extended almost com letely around the super-heater and has a ownwardly bent portion 11* in front thereof, from whence it has a return bent portion 11 that lies at the side of the boiler, in a lower plane, and continues into a downwardly bent portion 11 that contin'= as and merges into the burner tube 12.

At'the point 11 in pipe 11 I have shown the junction therewith of a supply pipe 13 for liquid fuel which is thus caused to flow into pipe 11 in the flow direction of the steam, the liquid fuel thus becoming entrained by the action of the flowing steam, vaporized by the heat it encounters, and, in the ensuing travel through the pipe lengths 11, 11", and 11, entering into thorough admixture therewith.

The burner tube 12, which is in effect a continuation ofpipe 11, is here represented as a flat coil having the inner parallel lengths 12 and the outer parallel lengths 12?, whose extreme end is closed as at 13. This burner tube is provided in its several lengths with jet orifices 14 for gas issuance, and also with base openings 1 1 which serve as outlets for residual sediment.

A pan 15, disposed beneath the. boiler, may receive liquid fuel to 'be used as priming, in heating up the boiler for starting purposes.

Reference will now be made to the supply 1 means for liquid fuel and water, and thereafter the mode of operation and control 0 the apparatus will be described.

At 16 I have shown a reservoir representing the source of liquid fuel supply, and at 17 I have shown a pipe which may be in communication with a source of water supply. 1The reservoir 116 communicates by a pipe 18 with a cistern 19 in which is fitted afloat valve 20. The pipe 13 before referred to leads from this cistern 19 to the junction lliwith pipe 11, and the float valve 20 is adjusted to maintain the level of liquid fuel in cistern 19' so as to supply the pipe 1}. without head pressure.

Similarly, the cistern 21, with which weter pipe 17 communicates, is equipped with a float valve 22, and supplies water throu h the apparatus has been heated by priming means, whereafter the burning gases from the burner tube will generate steam in the boiler and maintain the flow of mixture through pipe 11 t supply the burner tube.

It will be noted that air from the nozzles 5 issues in contiguity to the burner orifices 14. These nozzles 5 and their supply tubes 4, being located within casing l and thus sub'ected to the temperature therein, are ena led to deliver air for combustion in a highly preheated condition. Also, the streams of gas and air issuing Within the casing set up a whirling state which is conducive to thorough intermixture and complete combustion of the gaseous elements, b

and results, as my practice has proven, in the production of a clean gas that issues through the slits in the casing and burns outside the casing with a clear blue flame, denoting the absence of unconsumed carbon.

A throttle valve 24, operable as by a le ver 25 is shown as located in the pipe portion 11, for manual control of the gaseous mixture passing to the burner tube. Upon throttling down the mixture the pressure in pipe 11 willback up in the liquid fuel and water pipes. and I therefore providecheck valves 26, 27 therein respectively, to thus shut ofi these supplies until the pressure in pipe 11 is reduced and an automatic balance is achieved to suit the throttled condition.

Also I provide a valve 28, operable as by a lever 29, located in the burner tube at a point where it can be closed to shut off a symmetric length of said burnertube from admission of the gases, to in this way reduce the size of the burner when a smaller fire is desired.

Variations within the spirit and scope of my invention are equally comprehended by the foregoing disclosure. i

I claim:

1. The combination with a generator; of a burner located beneath the generator and consisting of a continuous pipe bent to form a plurality of pipe loops having jet openings spaced throughout their lengths, each loop extending substantially under the en'- tire area of the generator, and a valve at the junction of said loops forcutting oii one of said loops. l

2. The combination with a. generator; of a burner located beneath the generator and consisting of a continuous pipe bent to form a plurality of pipe loops having jet openings spaced throughout their lengths, each loop extending substantially under the entire area of the generator, a Valve at the junction of said loops for cutting oil one of said, loops, a housing entirely surrounding the burner and generator, and means exterior the housing to operate the valve.

3. In combination, a fuel vapor burner, a vaporizing device receiving heat from said burner, a pipe connection from the vaporizer to the burner, and a hood entirely surrounding 'the burner, the vaporizer and the pipe connection; said hood being provided with air inlet openings at its lower part and flame openings at its upper part, said air inlet openings comprising pipes extendin alongside the burner-on opposite side thereof. within said hood, opening through the ends of the hood and having jet nozzles extendin in spaced relation from the pipes towar the center of the burner. 4. In combination, a fuel vapor burner, a vaporizing chamber located above said urner, a superheater chamber located above said vaporizing chamber and communicating therewith at intervals throughout its length, a pipe leading from the superheater chamber adjacent one end and extending entirely therearound, said pipe being positioned to receive heat from the burner, said pipe being continued in a second convolution extending around the superhcater and vaporizer chambers and downwardly to the burner, the first convolui ion of said pipe constituting means for further superheating steani from the superheating chamber, and an oil pipe leading to said pipe at the junction of the first and second convolutions whereby oil admitted through said oil pipe will be flashed into vapor by the heat of the superheated steam, the said'second contion extending around the superheater and vaporizer chambers and downwardly to the burner, the first convolution of said pipe constituting means for further superhea'ting water arid oil steam from the'superheater chamber, an oil pipe leading to said pipe at thejunction of the first and second convolutions whereby oil admitted through said 'oil pipe will be flashed into vapor by theh'e'atof the superheated steam, the second convolutionof the pipe from the superheate'r' forming'a superwi l.

tor the d oil vapors, and hood entirely surrount the corner, the vaporizer and the two pijc convolutions; said hood being provided with air inlet openings at its lower part and flame openings at its upper part.

6. In combination, a fuel vapor burner, a vaporizing chamber located above said burner, a superheater chamber located above said vaporizing chamber and communicating therewith at intervals throughout its length, a pipe leading from the superheater chamber adjacent one end and extending entirely therearound, said pipe being positioned to receive heat from the burner, sai pipe being continued in a second convolution extending around the superheater and vaporizer chambers and downwardly to the burner, the first convolution of said pipe constituting means for further superheating steam from the superheater chamber, an oil pipe leading to said pipe at the junction of the first and second convolutions whereby oil admitted through said oil pipe will be flashed into vapor by the heat of the superheated'steam, the said second convolution of the pipe from the superheater forming a superheater for the oil and water vapors, a .hood entirely surrounding the burner, the

vaporizer and the two pipe convolutions;-

said hood being provided with air inlet openings at its lower part and flame open ings at its upper part, said air inlet openings comprising pipes extending alongside the burner on opposite sides thereof within said hood, opening through the'ends of the hood and havingjet nozzles extending in spaced relation from said pipes toward the center of the burner.

7. In an apparatus of the character described, a vaporizer, a burner, a connection from the burner to the vaporizer, fuel admission means leading to said connection, and a mixing chamber entirely surrounding the vaporizer, burner and connection and forming a primary combustion chamber, said chamber being provided. with independent air admission means in its lower part, and gas and flame outlets in its upper part to permit passage of the partially burned fuel and its further combustion outsideof chamber.

In apparatus of the character de scribed a iiuid fuel burner, and a chamber entirely enclosing said burner and provided with independent inlet openings in its lower part and outlet orifices in its upper part, said inlet openings being arranged to cause thorough mixing of inflowing air with fuel issuing from said. burner whereby quiet primary combustion takes place in said chamher," said outlet orifices being arranged. to permit the partially burned mixture to pass rom the chamber for combination with the external air and complete combustion exsee ers -teriorly of the chamber, a vaporizer in said chamber, a connectionfrom the vaporizer to the burner, and a fuel supply leading to the connection.

9. In a burner apparatus having a burner tube, a water container, having an inlet and an outlet, a mixing chamber, means for feeding water to the container and liquid fuel to the mixing chamber, means for mixing the vapors arising from the water and liquid fuel in their passage to the burner tube, a pipe convolution lying above the burner tube and communicating with the mixing means and forming a superheater for the mixed vapors, said pipeconvolutions-communicating at one end with the mixing means and at the other end with the burner tube, a hood entirely surrounding the burner means, a burner located in said casing, it

steam generator also in said casing, a superheater extended from said generator in communication with said burner, and means for introducing liquid fuel into said superheater, said casing provided'with flame outlet means said casing forming a complete enclosure except for its air admission means and flame outlet means.

11. A liquid fuel burning apparatus comprising a casing having air admission means, a burner located in said casing, means for varying the operative area of said burner, a steam generator also in said casing, a superheater-extended from said generator'in communication with said burner, and means for introducing liquid fuel intcsaid superheater, said casing provided with flame out let means, and said casing forming complete enclosure except for its air admission means and flame outlet means.

12. A liquid fuel burning apparatus comprising a casing having air admission means, a burner located in said casing, a steam generator also in said casing, a super-heater extended "from said generator in communication with said burner, means for introducing liquid fuel into said superheater, and,

throttle means for controlling the supply of fluid mixture to the burner, said casing provided with flame outlet means, and. said casing forming a complete enclosure except for its air admission means and flame outlet means.

13, A'liquid fuel burning apparatus comprising a casing having air admission means,

a burner located in said casing, a steamgengenerator in communica- "urner, means for introducto said superheater, said tn flame outlet means and for maintaining a supply llk'l fuel at consta'ntlevel Wit out ad. "ressure, and said casing forming a enclosure except for its air admis L l-115 and flame eat-let means. 14. A liquid fuel burning apparatus com prising a casing having air admission means, a hurneniooated in said casing, a steam generator also in said casing, a superheater ext led from said generator in communication with said burner, means for introducing liquid fuel into said-superheater, said casing provided with flame outlet means,

and automatic means for maintaining a supply flow of water at constant level without head pressure, and said casing forming a complete enclosure except for its air admission means and flame outlet means.

15. The method of burning liquid fuel and water which 'consists in vaporizing a controlled supply of Water, adding a controlled supply. of liquid fuel thereto, super- 7 heating the mixture, completely confining and partially. burning the resultant gases in the presence of preheated air, supermixing the burning gases by applying jets of air thereto, and passing the supermixed gases into the exterior atmosphere for final combustion.

New York, Au ust 24, 1923.-

G. DELANEY. a 

